The debate heats up in France after a pointed critique of "Le Féminisme à la française" by Joan W. Scott in Libération (06/10/2011). [Edited 07/06/2011]
On France culture, Julie Clarini admits to being strangely proud of the culture of seduction that, according to Joan Scott, is part and parcel of French national identity, thus giving another example of the French eroticization of politics, everyday relations, and culture that Scott interprets as an element of national pride. More interesting are the comments left by internet readers, all French: they help qualify both Joan Scott's essentialization of a unilateral "French feminism" and Clarini's examplification of that trend of self-satisfied "feminism," a brand that is highly contested in France. (I am actually in Paris and got tremendously supportive responses to my past post, interviews and OpEd on the Strauss-Kahn scandal). In fact, the cultural war between French and American intellectuals that erupted in the aftermath of the Strauss-Kahn affair might be understood as the clash between reified positions of "historical" feminists from both countries who expressed little concern for the diversity of the feminist movements and everyday women and men's positions in France (or in the US), and for other, generational rather than national, gaps that account for a variety of reactions, here and there. Reading the Anglo-Saxon press, the French (and specifically French women) are all enablers of sexual harassment and inappropriate machismo. Overhearing conversations in the streets of Paris, in cafés, in bookstores, in the subway, things sounds (bien sûr) quite different (for one thing, "gender theory" as theory is really not mainstream, including in college educated and even PhDs: you might have had one course on that if you went to Sciences Po, not much more or none at all in the University unless you went to Paris III, IV, VII and XII).
Reading French newspapers however, you realize where Americans get their ideas of who represents today "French feminism" (if such a unified thing exists). The way the debate has been reframed by some French women, among them Irène Théry, who, as Joan W. Scott pointed out, claims that French feminism is "a way of life" as much as a theoretical system, a way of life that "avoids the traps of political correctness, wants equal rights and the asymetrical pleasures of seduction, the absolute respect for mutual consent and the delicious surprise of stolen kisses" [my trans.] That last sentence made me feel strangely queasy (maybe a trace of my dual, necessarily divided French/American self, or maybe because the author does not seem to be bothered by inherent contradictions). Yes, I would rather have my daughter learn that there is no shame in exploring emotional and physical attractions to others and (later) sexuality, and I hope that she will live to feel desire, "émoi" and all those deliciously ambigous feelings of interests and desire for someone else without the heavy moralism that, it is true, is attached to these in some parts of American culture. But I dont see how not respecting the boundary of the other's own desire or lack of desire and being intransigeant about sexual harassment is in any way the sine qua non condition for this culture of relaxed embracing of secular sexuality, as Théry and Clarini's overall arguments seem to suggest. The idea that French feminism's main claim to fame and desirability is that it was able to promote "asymetrical pleasures" and allow for "baisers volés" (stolen kisses) sounds incredibly shallow. Is that all there was to it? And is the implication that women's rights have to stop where casual, unwanted "stolen kisses" (or more?) must reign? Who, or what instance decides when one term in the antithesis (equal rights/asymetrical pleasures; respect for consent/stolen kisses) takes over and cancels out the other?
It amazes me that French feminists (of the kind represented by Julie Clarini on France Culture and Irène Théry that is) are not able to put on the table much stronger arguments: what has been accomplished in terms of women's right in France is actually in certain areas quite remarkable (specifically in the current "us" versus "them" French-American crèpage de chignons [hair-pulling]): the right to have or not have children when one chooses to is a non-issue in France (no "pro life" movement: abortions, contraception, and medically assisted pregnancies are all reimbursed by the national health insurance, which covers everyone); the right to be a working mother, because you can count on free or subsidized daycares and public schools of good quality (with national curriculum that garantees that all children get a similar education), because you are entitled to 3 months of maternity leave (up to 6 when you already have three or more children), and cannot be fired from your job when returning from maternity leave, because each child counts as one full person in the household headcount for tax purposes (which lowers your income tax), because you can deduct from your income in some cases the full amount of daycare tuitions or nanny services, and because you get family subsidies from the State (under certain income conditions) to help absorb the cost of raising children; the "parity" law in elections that forces political parties to have as many women as men in eligible positions on the ballot (or they must pay fines), etc.
And the only thing that (a certain generation of vocal) feminists (who don't listen much to a newer, fed-up generation) has to say to defend themselves is that French feminism allowed for a certain culture of seduction and "stolen kisses" to continue to flourish?
Oh, boy.
[For the latest developments in the case, after the sensational turn around of D.A. Vance and the release of STrauss-Kahn on July 1st--not to mention the astoundingly unprofessional and contentious leaks to the press that preceded--see below my last comment]


Might we end up being grateful for the DSK scandal after all? Maybe, if the recent trend towards full disclosure, self-criticism, and breaking taboos regarding gender discrimination and sex crimes continues and bears fruits. In any event, one battle has already won: that of liberating the voices of countless silenced women (and men) and bringing the topic in plain view for critical reexamination. French women are starting to speak up; French people to notice that they are an exception in the European Community and in the Western world in the way they dismiss sexual harassment as a figment of the victim's imagination. For the heart of the matter is not just the individual cases, but the overall culture that nurtures impunity, ludicrous jokes, and the too familiar blame-game that inevitably accuses the women of inviting "flirt" and more. (A recent survey revealed that 30% of French admitted to having had a consensual love or sexual relationship in the context of their workplace.)
A powerful wave of confessions is breaking the taboo over sexism and sexual harassment as women and men reveal their personal history on new blogs mushrooming every day. I highly recommend Vie de Meuf for the sense of humor that some of the women display when confronted with insane, but all too common, innuendos or crass comments from their male counterparts. More disturbing are the confessions shared on LeDire.org, a website put together by a 29 year old woman from Sweden for French women to share their experiences of sexual harassment: interesting to note that it might have taken an outsider (with maybe different standards? less self-censoring?) to urge women to speak up.
There is not a single day when a magazine, newspaper, or TV show is not digging a little further into the stark reality of everyday sexism and plain sexual harassment. Just on Saturday June 11, "Le Monde" and "Libération" headlined with, respectively, "Trop peu de femmes professeures d'Universités ["Too Few Women Make It to Full University Professor" and "Harcèlement sexual: le douloureux réveil" ("Sexual Harassment: A Painful Wake-up Call.") That later reportage is chilling: in 2009, only 78 indictments for sexual harassmentlead to a verdict condemning the offender(s). They were fined on average just 1 567 euros.
Thanks for this very interesting post, Cécile. I agree with your sense that narratives (or, we might otherwise name them, stereotypes) of what constitutes "Frenchness" has led to some strange defenses of sexual harassment and gendered violence. The French feminist philosopher Michèle Le Doeuff writes in The Sex of Knowing, “Where I come from, cultural relativism posing as a pretext for sexual domination is just one of many things still to be unmasked" (trans. Code and Hamer, 122)—and as you point out, it's not just where she comes from.
In a piece for NPR, Katha Pollitt recently made some points similar to yours, but from another angle:
If we insist on seeing "French culture" as monolithic, and "French feminism" as something that gets us decent maternity leave and casual acceptance of rape as part of the same package (??), then of course we'll end up with the false dilemma of "French culture: good or bad?" I don't love the way Pollitt frames her piece, but she ably reveals the absurd logical consequences of trying to use national myths as an analytical tool. (In addition to criticizing the way sexual harassment is seen as "a French thing," she condemns the way that racism is seen as "an American thing.")
I wonder if you saw Maureen Tkacik's Reuters post arguing that media attempts to make the DSK affair "a French thing" cover over the ways in which it's a global plutocracy thing. I found her arguments persuasive.
As to your point about the "Anita Hill moment": a similar point was recently made in The Economist about V.S. Naipaul's Charlie-Sheen-like declaration that no woman writes as well as he does. The logic is that now that the misogyny is overt, we can do something about it. But it seems to me that we have plenty of overt misogyny on our hands already, every day, if we only care to notice it. No real need for the extra.
I had read Katha Pollitt's piece in The Nation, but nor Maureen Tkacik's. You are right to point out that national identity is an easy cover for a much more global phenomenon. I've always been suspicious about big generalization about "The French" and "Americans" being this or that. At the same time, there is a different timeline in France and the US regarding the legislation and cultural shift regarding sexual harassment (but not rape, which is a very different thing "culturally": no one would ever defend it, and the legal issues surrounding how to evaluate it are similar in both countries; whereas some (for Americans) obvious instances of sexual harassment are actually not viewed as such by a majority of French coworkers, and even, by the law, which condemns only acts of violence, not adverse environments and the felt sense of moral violence that US and other European countries law single out).
The international coverage gets incisive in Argentina, in this cover story for La Naciòn entitled “Silencio a la francesa: vicios privados, virtudes públicas,” by Juana Libedinsky.
And some more good news: after the President of Université PAris VII-Diderot published an Op Ed in Libération about the obstacles women have to overcome to become Full Professors in French Universities, he announced a battery of what can only be called affirmative action measures to ensure more women are appointed to positions of high responsibility. Now that's putting words into action.
More on the latest episodes here.